A master’s thesis was discussed in the Department of Physics at the College of Sciences, University of Basrah, by researcher Muhammad Abdul-Karim Yusuf, titled:

Design, Simulation, Fabrication, and S-Parameter Measurement of Compact UWB and Multiband Microstrip Antennas for S-, C-, X-, and Ku-band Operation

The thesis addressed the design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement of two types of microstrip antennas—the modified rectangular antenna and the modified double-loop antenna—to develop antennas that operate within the S, C, X, and Ku frequency bands, using specialized simulation software, as well as the fabrication of prototypes and the measurement of their performance characteristics in the laboratory.

The thesis aimed to study methods for improving the performance of microstrip antennas and to develop their design and fabrication techniques, in addition to utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics software to study and develop advanced types of antennas.

The results demonstrated the potential to expand the use of simulation techniques to develop modern antennas, including nanoantennas, wearable antennas, and metamaterial antennas.